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How our nervous system works part 1
human nervous system by Michael chan the human nervous system is a complex network nerve cells and nerve bundles spread throughout the body its function is to interpret store and respond to information received from inside and out this never cease to amaze me after billions itself but the most basic building blocks at the nervous system our dinner your estimate to be as many as 100 billion neurons in the nervous system and each work together transmitting and receiving an electrical impulses that allow us to process information think a typical narrow has all the parts and organelles any cell in the human body would have to function except there are several specialized structures that set them apart the main portion and in your own is called the Selmer or sell body it contains the nucleus which in turn contains heaney for chrome euronews have a large number of extensions called entry they often look like branches on a tree and extend from the still cell body it is primarily the services at the dendrites that receive chemical messages from other neurons or from the environment in there aren't there are long extensions the projector farther than all the others called axo although in some errands it is hard to distinguish the axe on from the dendrites most tax on are significantly longer the purpose of the acts are is to transmit and electrochemical signal southerner sometimes over long distances for example some neurons that run through your spinal cord to your toes can be as long as three Fi on crack downs are usually covered with Maya Lin Shi Witcher fatty cells wrapped around me aksar many kinds he smiling she make the Act some look like a necklace with sausage cheap beats around parents have electrochemical signals thank you and a minor chief act like a plastic insulator around electrical wiring it keeps the current congress minutely and protects the tax on tree damage he's electrochemical signals are cut by stimuli outside and there are affecting voltage their cells transport electrochemical messages the exxon to the movement and change I'll specifically sodium and potassium if there is a green exchanger I am and voltage a signal call action potential trigger and went down the actual inside the membrane at the axle voltage-gated channels these channels opening close depending on focus changes on a memory when no nerve signals are being transmitted these channels are close this is called resting potential in resting potential their sodium ions outside the membrane which make it positive and potassium ions on the inside making an egg if a certain stimulus comes into contact with the membrane venero it will cost mortgage gated sodium channels open and sodium ions will rush into the cell yourself and become positive on the inside and negative on the outside this stage action potentials called people radiation very quickly after keep a low radiation disodium voltage-gated channels close and Kasim voltage-gated channels open allowing two potassium ions to rapidly move out this action makes dinner on return to being positive on the outside and negative on the inside this is called repolarization meanwhile the sodium ions inside evander move along the at Sun to different areas causing a change in player tee at the membrane headed the action potential this change a clarity causes the voltage-gated sodium ion channels along this for sure that membrane open again sodium ions rush into the cell an action potential further along XR in this way the action potential travels down there are Michael E meanwhile a mechanism called the sodium potassium pump shuttles sodium ions L and potassium ions in reestablishing the resting potential sodium and potassium ions this process a pumping is called bird refractory period after dinner on returns to its normal state the cycle can start again to produce another action attention human neurons are rarely addressed and we are constantly bombarded with stimuli causing action potentials there's not just one near the travels to from different parts of our body to the green for there are many billionaires interact with each other passing on the message the brain just like the game telephone at the very end every next aksar is an accent ending or synaptic no is there that the electrochemical signal that have traveled to link to the acts on are converted into chemical messages that travel to the next your between acts on ending and enjoy the next year on there's a small gap called a sinner morrison et de klerk to transport the action potential across the synaptic for human synaptic vessels release a chemical known as neuro transmitters into the sand after these neurotransmitters exocytosis at the pre synaptic membrane and moved to the postsynaptic membrane receptors and the next you're the binding of the neuro transmitters to the receivers in the postsynaptic membrane can either increase the chances ever action potential or decrease the chance action potential under unusually transmit several Europe nerve impulses one after another once the neurotransmitter as bonded to the receptors special ends at enzymes break it down so that it does not stay there forever I love these billions of neurons and their system are separated into different groups for jobs the human nervous system is divided into two main parts: central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system the central nervous system mercy and s consists of the brain and spinal cord and is responsible for processing information gathered from the rest then there's and transplanting instructions the body the peripheral nervous system more P and includes all other nerve pathways outside bring and spinal cord in central nervous system the spinal cord in the brain receive sensory information and initiate motor messages the spinal cord in the brain are both protected by TBell and three protective membranes called and Angie the spaces between them in Indy heartfelt see perot spinal fluid which Christians and protects C&S spinal cord is a bundle of nervous tissue in close in a vertical call extends from the base the brain to the verdigris just below the rib cage the spinal cord is like the information highway if the body back and forth between the brain and the rest of the body its and sensations to the brain from the body returns motor commands to various parts of the book fun spinal cord also has a primary role in reflexes and in the autonomic nervous system if you look at a cross section at the spinal cord or from the top it forms a sheep a butterfly or the letter H the butterfly shaped region is made up of gray matter for fine theirself surrounding the gray matter his way man me to print mine and she near tracks the tracks contain century and modern era all sent three tracks the travel to the brain are called afferent pathways and all motor tracts traveling from the brain are called efferent pathways in addition to transmitting information to the green and sending commands to the party the spinal cord is also responsible for most people X's a reflex is a built in response to dangerous stimuli allowing the body to react faster then it would be able to if the information had to be sent the bring if it were sent to the brain it would have to be thought about and then traveled back to the party snatching back your hand source a pain instantly is an example under reflux reflex arc is a path for you nerves through spinal cord which all allows reflexes to work the first stage of the week reflex arc is stimulation about receptor receptor nerves consents he coolness pressure and overstretching a muscle that sensory neurons send the impost the spinal cord depending on the reflex being stimulated that censoring it connects directly with him moaner or go through an intermediate near and then to and motor there are several types reflexes the travel through the spinal cord this role reflexes control heart muscle glands and organs semantic reflexes control involuntary movement skeletal muscle reflexes are developed through repetition and involve learning complex motor patterns although the spinal cord can controls many motor functions and reactions a true center her nervous system is the bring
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